Safety appliance for electric-railway trains.



N6. 892,734. PATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

' H. A. JOHNSON. SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR ELECTRIC RAILWAY'TRAINS.

APPLICATION TILED DEC.2,1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Zdz'finass 25/ fflveniar' H. A. JOHNSON.

PATENTED JULY 7, 1908.

SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR-ELECTRIC RAILWAY TRAINS.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 2, 1907.

With 0655 e5,

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

HARLEY A. JOHNSON, OF LA GRANGE, ILLINOIS.

SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR ELECTRIC-RAILWAY TRAINS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 7, 190a,

\ Application filed December 2, 1907. Serial No. 404,876.

To all whom-it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARLEY A. JOHNSON, a citizen of theUnited States,residing at La Grange, in the county of Cook and State of Il1ino1s, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Safety Appliances forElectric-Railway Trains, (Case 1,) of which the following is a full,clear, concise, and exact descriptlon, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

It is an object of my invention to provide interlocking safety deviceson cars electrically driven, to revent accidents resulting from thebrakes eing in a condition to prevent control of the train.

My invention is particularly a plicable to systems of train operation inwhich one or more cars of the train are equipped withelectric motors fordriving such cars and these motors are ointl controlled from a 11 ymaster controller ocated as desired on the train. In common practiceseveral of the cars of the train may be provided with such mastercontrollers, and whether there is a motor on-one car only or there aremotors on several of the cars, the controlexercised from each of thecontrollers governs all of the motors. In systems of this character, airbrakes are usually employed to stop the train, and my invention secifically consists in means associated wit the controlling valves ofsuch air brake system by which, if such valves are not properly set topermit the operation of the brakes, the control exercised by thecontrollers is interrupted and can only be restored by properly settingsuch valves.

In systems of control of the class above described, it is usual to runcontrolling leads through the train and to connect these leads to theseveral controllers, such leads being connected to the electromagneticmechanism employed to operate the motor, or, in case several motors arein operation on the train, a plurality of such electromagneticmechanisms are thus connected. An air controlling valve is usuallyassociated with each controllerand my invention in its simplest formconsists in switching means associated with each of such valves forinterrupting the main operating circuit of the associ' eratin circuit ofthe motor ormotors when the va ve is in a osition to permit theoperation of the bra e mechanism and the associated controller is in aneutral osition; As long as this path is closed all ot er controllers onthe train are rendered inoperative. Thus it will be seen I have necessifta'ted by my invention, for rendering any controller operative, that.the valve associated therewith must be in a position to per mit theoperation of the brake mechanism and all the other valves must be in aposition to prevent the operation of such mech anism from the locationof the other con tr'ollers, which is a condition always to be desired.

Other features of my invention not here specifically indicated, willappear from the description below.

The several drawings illustrating my invention are as follows: Figure 1shows in diaviews of devices which I preferably attach to one of the airipes of the braking systemto cooperate with a valve in such pi e foraccomplishing the results to be descrlbed; Fig. 4 shows in detailedsectional view 'a modified form of operating mechanism for the mainswitch of the main motor circuit, and Fi 5 shows in detailed sectionalview a modi ed form of air controlled switching mechanism for insuringproper working conditions in the air (lorake system before the car canbe oper.-' ate Referring to Fig. 1, it will be noticed that several setsof identical mechanism are indi cated, that is, a controller C and brakecontrolling mechanism V, represented as associ-v ated with each end ofeach of two cars, the dividing line between such cars being indicated bythe dotted line it, 'y.

The system of control herein represented is that well known in the art,in which a masthe controller C, as indicated. This controller consistsof several movable contact sections, as c, c, and c electricallyconnected and arranged in accordance with ordinary construction to movetogether. Another section 0 is also adapted to be moved with thesections just mentioned. These several sections are arranged to makecontact with a number of contact points when such sections are moved inthe operation of control, and in a manner well known in the art theseveral circuits closed by such operation are adapted to operateswitching mechanism for controlling the driving motors of the car,- as aresult of which controller C controls. these motors and therefore themotion of the car. In this connection we are concerned with but one ofthe circuits controlled by the controller C, this being a circuitadapted to operate the main switch of the motor controlling mechanism bywhich an operative circuit is closed through the driving motors, afterwhich the controller further operates to establish various speedconditions of such motors, as desired. A storage battery B is usuallyconnected, as indicated, between conductors 11 and 12 to operate theswitching mechanism.

When thecontroller C is moved so as to bring the section 0 intoengagement with the contacts 3' and 4, assuming that the line switch 3is thrown in the position shown in dotted lines, a circuit is closed asfollows: battery B, conductor 11, wire 6, contact 16, switch 17, contact15, wire 5, contact 4, section a contact 3 wire 14: resistance r contact13, switch 8, wire 9, contact 18, switch 5 contact 19, wire 8, conductor10, wire 28, solenoid 27, wire 29, conductor 12 back to battery B. Forthis position of the controller C it will be understood the section 0 ismoved out of engagement with the contacts 1 and 2, so that connectionbetween wires 7 and 9 is opened. As a result of the circuit abovedescribed the solenoid 27 is energized by which the core 26 is drawndownwardly against the resistance of the spring 15, closing switch 5 andan operating circuit through the motors as follows: third rail s'hoe .9wire 24, switch 8 contact 25, resistance r and thence in series throughthe motors M, M and field windings f, f to ground back to the source ofenergy used to drive the cars. The spring 45 serves to return the core26 to its normal position and to thereby open the switch 8 when thesolenoid 27 is not energized. A trolley T is shown as connected to thewire 24 in order that power may betaken from an overhead motors M, M tothe, o crating circuit may be effected in any well-known way familiar tothose versed in the art.

The air brake controlling system shown in connection with this inventionconsists in a motor M adapted to drive an air pump P connected to an airtank R andsu ply pipe p for furnishing air as required to operate thebraking mechanism. This pipe 19 extends throughout the train, as does asecond pipe p known as the train pipe. Connect1ons are made from thepipes 11 and p at each position of control by pipes p and 1)respectively, through valves 1) and o to a controlling valve of a typewell known in the art. A third pipe 1), known as the exhaust pipe, isalso connected to this operating valve. A valve '0 is connected with thetrain pi e p and there are also connected to this va vs '0 an air tank Rand operating cylinder 23 for operating the brakes. The valve 0 isadapted to. be operated in such a manner that when the pressure in thepipe 1) reaches a certain amount this valve is operated to op en apassageway between the pipe p and tank R. This condition is maintainedas long as the .pressure in the pipe p is maintained, and when the airis permitted to escape from the pi e p and the pressure is therebydiminishe below a certain predetermined amount, the valve 12 operates toform a passage between the tank R and the cylinder 23, as a result ofwhich the air in the tank R serves to set the brakes in a manner wellknown. When the ressure in the pipe 1) is again increased to t e amountrequired to o crate the valve 1) connection is again established betweenthe pipe 12 and the tank B through such valve and an exhaust passage isopened from the cylinder 23 by which the brakes are released.

In order to provide that the conditions in the air brake system shall beproper for operating the train, I make use of a switch 3 associated withthe operating handle of the valve 1) by which, when the valve 22 is in aposition to open the ipe p to the o crating valve, connection wil beestablished etween the contacts 18 and 19 and therefore the opcratingcircuit through the solenoid 27 Wlll be established upon actuation ofthe controller C in the manner already described. From this it will beseen that if the valve o is not in an open position so that air can besupplied from the supply pipe p to the train pipe 19 the controller C isrendered inoperative by the o ening of its circuit between contacts 18an 19. connection that there is also a valve 1) located in the supplyhandles on va ves v and '0 are so related that the valve 1) must beopened before the valve '0 can be opened, and hence the switch .9constitutes a means by which both of these valves must be in open oroperative position,

It is to be noted in this ipe and that the operating 1'5 that is, a"osition to permit the operation ate of the bra e mechanism, in order tocomplete the operating circuit of the controller.

As shown diagrammatically in connection with the supply ipe 1), an airoperated mechanism 1s made use of. to control the switch 17 as a resultof which, if the air pressure in the supply pi e is not sufficient tooperate the bra e mec amsm, the switch 17 is maintained in open positionand is notclosed until the air pressure has. been increased suflicientlmechanism, for W 'ch condition theswitch 17 is closed. This mechanismconsists of a cylinder 20 in which a piston 21 is adapted to moveagainst the resistance of a spring 22. The switch 17, as indicated, isconnected to the piston 21, so that movement. of the piston by theair'pressure in the cylinder will operate such switch. Thespring- 22 isadjusted for the air pressure used in the sup 1y pipe to cause thepiston and associswitch to operate asindicated above. As shown in Fig. 75, the tension ofthe spring 22 maybe regulated by means of the t readedplug 30 in the end-of the cylinder to provide for adjusting this'switchmechanism for various air pressures. I

My system includesa further protective feature, as a result of which, ifthe air controlling valves are not. left in a position to permit theoperation of the air brake mechanism from another location on the train,

. the solenoid 27 will be rendered inoperative,

thus indicating that at some point the relation of the valves is notright and requiring the proper adjustment of such valves before thetrain can be started. This condition may be illustrated with regard tothe controller C as follows: The controller is'shown in normal orneutral position, that is, the osition in which it is left when it isdesire to operatethe train from one of the other controllers. 12 shouldoccupy a vertical position in order to shut off the pipes p and p andthus positively prevent improper opening of the train pipe-p or thesupply pipe p by means of the operating valve, associated with thecontroller C. In the event, however, of the valves being carelessly ormaliciously moved to a position to open thepipes p and p as follows:conductor 12, wire 7, contact 1,:

- section 0 contact 2, wire 9, contact 18,

switch 8 contact 19, Wire 8, conductor 10, that is, a circuit of verylow resistance is closed across the conductors 10 and 12, and hence thispath of low resistance will take any current delivered to theconductors" 10 and'12 by another of the controlling mechanisms, insteadof such current going .to operate the brakemoved u the switc s from thecontacts 18 and 19.

For this condition the valves '0 and trolling mechanismfor'but one endof one car, and this description applies equall to the other controllingmechanisms need as well as to the brake and motor mechanism indicated onthe second car and hence no detailed description of these other controlling and operating mechanismsis necessary.

shown in Fig. 1, the controllers C, C 'and C are in neutral position andthe valves in the supply and train i e connections are in closedposition, wiiilie the line switches at-the controller are open, all ofwhich should be to pro erly control the train from the controller InFigs. 2 and 3 I have shown in detail one form of construction of theswitch 8 and means for securing such switch to the pipe: p. 'Asupporting member 38 is arranged to ca t e'base 39 of insulatingmaterial to whic contacts 18 and '19 are secured. This supporting member38 is adapted to be clamped to the pipe 1) b a clip 37, as indicated.A'lever 36 pivote at 40 to the base 39 has secured thereto by insulatingmeans, the switch member 8 adapted to enga e the contacts 18 and 19 orto be disengage therefrom as such lever is moved upon its pivot. Thislever has formed in its outer end a slot, as indicated, to engage ascrew 35 secured in the operating handle 34 of the valve 0 as aresult'of which when the handle 34 is moved from the position indicatedto a vertical position the lever 36 is on its pivot 40 so as todisengage In 4 'I have shown a modified form of mechanism foroperatingthe main switch s in which the solenoid 27 is adapted to operate aneedle valve 44 by means of a core 42 and to thereb open connection frompi e 12 adapted to be connected with the sup 1 pi e p, the air' pressurethus admitted by the va ve servingto move the iston 32 in the cylinder31 against the tension of the spring 3.3. A s ring 43 is providedtoinsure the closing 0 the valve 44 when the solenoid 27 is, notenergized. After the. switch 8 is actuated by this means when thesolenoid 27 is denergized, the valve 44 is returned to its seat and anexhaust'passage 41, which is closed by the valve 44 in itsoperativeposition, is opened to permit the air in the cylinder 31 toescape and to permit the spring 33 to move the switch 8 to its openposition.

While I have shown my invention in the particular embodiment hereindescribed, 'I

0 not, however, limit myself to this construction but claim allequivalentconstructions and modifications that will readily suggestthemselves to those skilled in the art.

1. In combination with a car adapted to controller is in a neutralposition, brake mechanism carried by such car, operating means for suchbrake mechanism and means associated with such operatin means forclosing such low resistance pati when such operating means is in acondition to permit the operation of such brake mechanism and suchcontroller is in a neutral position.

2. In combination with a car ada ted to be electrically driven, a motort erefor, means for supplying electric energy from feeders to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control suchswitching mechanism, two controllers on such car each adapted to controlthe energizing circuit of such electromagnetic mechanism, contactsoperated by each controller to close one break in a low resistance pathbetween the terminals of such electromagnetic mechanism when thecontroller is in a neutral position, brake mechanism carried by suchcar, operating means for such brake mechanism associated with eachcontroller and means associated with each of such operatin means forclosing such low resistance path when such operating means is in acondition to per mit the operation of such brake mechanism and theassociated controller is in a neutral position.

3. In combination with a car ada ted to be electrically driven, a motort erefor, means for supplying electric energy from feeders to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control suchswitching-mechanism, two controllers on such car each adapted to controlthe energizing circuit of such electromagnetic mechanism, contactsoperated by each controller to close one break n a low resistance pathbetween the termi- 'iiLlS of such electromagnetic mechanism when thecontroller is in a neutral position, brakes carried by such car,mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes, a Valve associatedwith each controller, each of such valves adapted to control theoperation of such pneumatic mechanism and a switch associated with eachvalvefor closing such low resistance path when such valve is in aposition to permit the operation of such brake mechanism and theassociated controller is in a neutral position.

4. In combination with a car ada ted to be, electrically driven, a motort erefor, means for supplying electric energy from feeders to theoperating circuit of such motor, a controller for controlling suchcircuit, brakes carried by such car, mechanism for pneumatically ocrating such brakes, a valve for control ing the operation of suchpneumaticmechanism, means associated with such valve for rendering suchcontroller inoperative when such valve is in a position to prevent theoperation of such brakes, and means for rendering such controllerinoperative when the air pressure in such pneumatic mechanism is notsufficient to operate such brakes.

5. In combination with a car ada ted to be electrically driven, a motort erefor, means for supplying electric energy from feeders to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, two controllers on such car each adapted to operate suchswitching mechanism, brakes carried by such car, mechanism forpneumatically operating such brakes, a valve for controlling theoperation of such pneumatic mechanism, means associated with such valvefor rendering one of such controllers inoperative when such valve is ina osition to prevent'the operation of such rakes, means for renderingthe other controller inoperative when such valve is in a position topermit the operation of, such brakes, and means for rendering both ofsuch controllers inoperative when the air pressure in such pneumaticmechanism is not sufiicient to operate such brakes.

6. In combination with a car ada ted to be electrically driven, a motort ierefor, means for supplying electric energy from feeders to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, two controllers on such car each adapted to operate suchswitching mechanism, brakes carried by such car, mechanism forpneumatically o crating such brakes, a valve associated wit eachcontroller, each of such valves adapted to control the operation of suchpneumatic mechanism, means associated with each of such valves forrendering the corresponding controller inoperative when such valve is ina position to prevent the operation of such brakes, means for renderingthe other controller inoperative when such valve is in a position topermit the operation of such brakes, and means for I troller is in aneutral neutral position to close one circuit ada ted to control themain operatfeeders to the operating circuit of such motor, switchingmechanism for controlling such circuit, electromagnetic mechanismadapted to control such switching mechanism, two controllers on such careach adapted to control the energizing circuit of such electromagneticmechanism, brakes carried by such car, mechanism for neumaticallyoperating such brakes, a va ve associated with each controller, each ofsuch valves adapted to control the operation of such pneumaticmechanism, a switch associated with each valve for closin a lowresistance path between the termina s of such electromagnetic mechanismwhen such valve is in a position to permit the operation of such brakemechanism and the associated conposition, and means for rendering bothof such controllers inoperative whenthe air pressure in such pneumaticmechanism is not sufiicient to operate such brakes.

8. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit 0 such motor, switching mechanism for controlling suchcircuit, a controller on each of such cars adapted to operate suchswitching mechanism, contacts operated by each controller and adaptedwhen such controller is in a break in a local circuit, rakes carried bysuch car, mechamsm for pneumatically operating suchbrakes, a valveassociated with each controller, each of such valves adapted to controlthe operation of such pneumatic mechanism, means associated with one ofsuch valves for closing such local circuit and rendering thecorresponding controller inopera-.

tive when such valve is in a position to prevent the operation of suchbrake mechanism and means'associated with suchvalve for rendering acontroller on another car inoperative when such valve is in a positionto permitthe operation of such brake mechanism and when the associatedcontroller is in a neutral position.

9. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, a controller on another of such carsadapted to control such circuit, contacts operated by such controllerwhen such controller is in a neutral osition to close one break in alocal circuit, rake mechanism carried by each of' such cars, operatingmechanism associated with such controller for controlling such brakemechanism and means associated with such operating mechanism for closinsuch local circuit and thereby preventing t e operation of such motorwhen such operating mechanism is in a condition to permit the operationof such brake mechanism and such controller is in a neutral position.

10. In a system of train control, a luralitfy of cars, an electric motorcarried 8y one 0 such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, a controller on each of such carsadapted to control such circuit, contacts operated by each controllerwhen such controller is in a neutral osition to close one break in alocal circuit, rake mechanism carried by each of such cars, operatinmechanism on each of such cars for contro ling such brake mechanism andmeans associated with each of such operating mechanisms for closing suchlocal circuit and thereby preventing the operation of such motor whensuch operating mechanism is ina condition to permit the operation ofsuch brake mechanism and the corresponding controller is in a neutralposition.

11. In a system of train control, a luralit of cars, an electric motorcarried y one 0 such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, a controller on another of such carsadapted to control such circuit, contacts operated by such controllerwhen such controller is in a neutral osition to close one break in alocal circuit, rake mechanism carried by each of such cars, operatingmechanism associated with such controller for controllin such brakemechanism, means associated with such 0 crating mechanism for renderingthe controller inoperative when such operating mechanism is in acondition to prevent the operation of such brake mechanism, and meansassociated with such operating mechanism for closing such local circuitand thereby preventing the operation of such motor when such operatingmechanism is in a condition to permit the operation of such brakemechanism and such controller is in a neutral position.

12. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars an electric motorcarried by one of such cars, means for supplyin electric energy to theoperating circuit 0 such motor, a controller on each of such carsadapted to control such circuit, contacts operated by each controllerwhen such controller is in a neutral osition to close one break in alocal circuit, rake mechanism carried by each of such cars, operatinmechanism on each of such cars for contro ing such brake mechanism,means associated with one of such operating mechanisms for rendering thecorresponding controller inoperative when such operating mechanism is ina condition to prevent the operation of such brake mechanism, and meansassociated with each of such operating mechanisms for closing suchlocalcircuit and thereby preventing the operation of such motor when suchoperating mechanism is in a condition to permit the operation of suchbrake mechanism and the corresponding controller is in a neutralposition.

13. In a system of train control, a )lurality of cars, an electric motorcarried 1 one oi such cars, means for supplying electric energy to the ocrating circuit of such motor, "switchin mec 1anism for controlling suchcircuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control such switchingmechanism, a controller on each of such cars adapted to control theenergizing circuit of such electromagnetic mechanism, contacts operatedby each controller to close one break in a low resistance path betweenthe terminals of such electromagnetic mechanism when the controller isin a neutral position, brakes carried by such cars, mechanism forneumatically o crating such brakes, a va ve for control ing theoperation of such pneumatic mechanism and means associated with suchvalve for closing such low resistance path when such valve is in aposition to permit the operation of such brakes and the correspondingcontroller is in a neutral position.

14. In a system of train control, a lurality of cars, an electric motorcarried y one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to the ocrating circuit of such motor, switchin mec anism for controlling suchcircuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control such switchingmechanism, a controller on each of such cars adapted to control theenergizing circuit of such electromagnetic mechanism, brakes carried bysuch cars, mechanism for pneumatically o crating such brakes, a valvefor controlling t e operation of such neumatic mechanism, meansassociated with such valve for closing a low resistance path between theterminals of such electromagnetic mechanism when such valve is in aposition to permit the operation of such brakes and the correspondingcontroller is in a neutral position and means for opening the operativecircuit of such controller when such valve is in a position to preventthe operation of such brakes.

15. In a system of train control, a luralit of cars, an electric motorcarried y one oi such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric energy tothe operating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism on one of suchcars for controlling such circuit, conductors extending through thetrain, an electromagnetic mechanism bridged between two of suchconductors and adapted to control such switchin mechanism, a controlleron another of suc cars for operating such electromagnetic mechanism,contacts operated by such controller to close one break in a lowresistance path between such two conductors when the controller isin aneutral position, brakes carried by such cars, mechanism forpneumatically operating such brakes, a valve associated with suchcontroller and adapted when such valve is in a position to permit the tocontrol such pneumatic mechanism and a switch operated by such valve andadapted to be moved to a position to close such low resistance pathbetween such two conductors operation of such brakes and such controlleris in a neutral position.

16. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by each of such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric energyto the operating circuits of such motors, switching mechanism forcontrolling such circuits, conductors extending through the train, anelectromagnetic mechanism bridged between two of such conductors andadapted to control such switching mechanism, a controller on each ofsuch cars adapted to operate such electromagnetic mechamsm, contactsoperated by each controller to close one break in a low resistance pathbetween such two conductors when the controller is in a neutralposition, brakes carried by such cars, mechanism for pneumaticallyoperating such brakes, a valve associated with each controller andadapted to control such pneumatic mechanism and a switch operated byeach valve, each of such switches adapted to close such low resistancepath when the associated valve is in a position to permit the operationof such brakes and the corresponding controller is in a neutralposition.

17. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by each of such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric energyto the operating circuits of such 100 motors, switching mechamsm forcontrolling such circuits, conductors extending through the train, anelectromagnetic mechanism brid ed between two of such conductors andaflapted to control such switching 105 mechanism, a controller on eachof such cars ada ted to operate such electromagnetic mec anism, contactsoperated by each controller to close one break in a low resistance pathbetween such two conductors when the 110 controller is in a neutralposition,brakes car ried by such cars, mechanism for pneumaticallyoperating such brakes, a valve associated with each controller andadapted to control such pneumatic mechanism and a switch operated byeach valve, each of such switches ada ted to close such low resistancepath when th I tion to permit the o and the correspon neutral positionand e associated valve is in a posieration of such brakes ing controlleris in a 20 each of such switches adapted to open the o erative circuitof the corresponding contro ler when the associated valve is in aposition to prevent the operation of such brakes.

18. In a system of train control, a luralit of cars, an electric motorcarried y one oi such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric energy tothe operating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism on one of such130 cars for controlling such circuit, conductors extending through thetrain, an electromagnetic mechanism bridged between two of suchconductors and adapted to control such switching mechanism, a controlleron another of such cars for operating such electromagnetic mechanism,brakes carried by such cars, mechanism for pneumatically operating suchbrakes, a valve associated with such controller and adapted to controlsuch pneumatic mechanism, a switch operated by such valve and adapted tobe moved to a position to close a low resistance ath between such twoconductors when suc valve is in a position to permit the operation ofsuch brakes, and means associated with such pneumatic mechanism foropening. the operative circuit of such controller when the air pressureis not sufficient to operate such brakes.

19. In a system of train control, a pluralit of cars, an electric motorcarried by each 0 such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric energyto the operating circuits of such motors, switching mechanism-forcontrolling such circuits, conductors extending through the train, anelectromagnetic mechanism bridged between two of such conductors andadapted to control such switching mechanism, a controller on each ofsuch cars adapted to operate such electromagnetic mechanism, brakescarried by such cars, mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes,a valve associated with each controller and'adapted to control suchpneumatic mechanism, a switch operated by each valve, each of suchswitches adapted to close a lowv resistance path between such twoconductors when the associated valve is in a position topermit theoperation of such brakes and the corresponding controller is in aneutral position, and means associated with such pneumatic mechanism foro ening the operative circuit of such controller when the air ressure isnot suflicient to operate such bra es.

20. In a system of train control, a pluralitfv of cars, an electricmotor'carried by each 0 such cars, feeders; adapted to supply electricenergy to the operating circuits of such motors, switching mechanism forcontrolling such circuits, conductors extending through the train,- anelectroma etic mechanism bridged between two of sub conductors andadapted to control such switching mechanism, a controller on each ofsuch cars adapted to o crate such electromagnetic mechanism, braescarried by such cars, mechanism .for pneumatically operating suchbrakes, a valve associated wltheach controller and adapted to controlsuch pneumatic mechanism, a switch operated by each valve, each ofsuchswitches adapted toopen the operative circuitof the corresponding con--troller when the associated valve is in a. position to prevent theoperation of such brakes,

and means associated. with such pneumatic mechanism for opening theoperative circuit of such controller when the air pressure is notsufficient to operate such brakes.

21. In a system of train control, a pluralit of cars, an electric motorcarried by each 0 such cars, feeders adapted to supply electric" energyto the operating circuits of such motors, switching mechanism forcontrolling such circuits, conductors extending throug the train, anelectromagnetic mechanism bridged/between two of such conductors andadapted to control such switching mechanism, a controller on each ofsuch cars adapted to operate such electromagnetic mechanism, brakescarried by-such cars, mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes,a valve associated with each controller and adapted to control suchpneumatic mechanism, a switch operated by each valve, each of suchswitches adapted to close a low resistance path between such twoconductors when the associatedvalve is in a position to permit theoperation of such brakes and the correspondin eaIsh of such'switchesadapted to open the operative circuit of the corresponding controllerwhen the associated valve is in a position to prevent the operation ofsuch brakes, and means associated with such pneumatic mechanism foropening the operative circuit of such controller when the air pressureis notsufficient to operate such brakes.

22. In a system of train control, a lurality of cars, an electric motorcarried y oneof such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, a controller on each of such cars adapted to operate suchswitching mechanism, brakes carried by such car, mechanism forpneumatically operating such brakes, a valve for controlling theoperation of such pneumatic mechanism, means associated with such valvefor rendering a controller on another car inoperative when such valve isin a position to permit the operation of such brake mechanism, and meansfor rendering each of such controllers inoperative when the air pressurein such pneumatic mechanism is not sufficient to operate such brakes.

23.' In a'system of train control, a lurality of cars, an electric motorcarried y one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, a controller on each of such controller is in a neutralposition and mechanism, brakes carried by such car,

mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes, a valve associatedwith each controller, each ofsuch valves adapted to control, theoperation of such pneumatic mechanism, means associated with one of suchvalves for rendering the corres onding controller. inoperative when suchva ve is in a position to prevent the operation of such brake mechanism,means associated with such valve for rendering a controller on anothercar inoperative when such valve is in a position to permit the operationof such brake mechanism, and means for rendering each of suchcontrollers inoperative when the air pressure in such pnenmaticmechanism is not suliicient to operate such brakes.

24. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control suchswitching mechanism, a controller on each of such cars adapted tocontrol the energizing circuit ofsuch electro magnetic mechanism, brakescarried by such cars, mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes,a valve for controlling the oper ation of such pneumatic mechanism,means associated with such valve for closing a low resistance pathbetween the terminals of such electromagnetic mechanism when such valveis in a position to permit the operation of such brakes and thecorresponding controller is in a neutral position, and means forrendering each of such controllers inoperative when the air pressure insuch pneumatic mechanism is not sufiicient to operate such brakes.

25. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, one or moreelectric motors carried by one of such cars, means for supplyingelectric energy to the operating. circuit of such motor, switchingmechanism for controlling such circuit, a controller on each of suchcars adapted to operate such switching mechanism, brakes carried by suchcars, mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes, a valve forcontrolling the operation of such pneumatic mechanism, means for openingthe operative circuit of one of such controllers when such valve is in aposition to prevent the operation of such brakes, and means forrendering each of such controllers inoperative when the air pressure insuch penumatic mechanism is not sufi icient to operate such brakes.

26. In a system of train control, a plurality of cars, an electric motorcarried by one of such cars, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such mo-. tor, switching mechanism forcontrollingsuch circuit, electromagnetic mechanism adapted to control suchswitching mechanism, a controller on each of such cars adapted tocontrol the energizing circuit of such electromagnetic mechanism, brakescarried by such cars, mechanism for pneumatically operating such brakes,a valve for controlling the operation of such pneumatic mechanism, meansassociated with such valve for closing alow resistance path between theterminals of such electromagnetic mechanism when such valve is in aposition to permit the operation of such brakes and the correspondingcontroller is in a neutral position, means for opening the operativecircuit of such controller when such valve is in a position to preventthe o eration of such brakes, and means for ren ering each of suchcontrollers inoperative when the air pressure in such pneumaticmechanism is not sufficient to operate such brakes.

27. In combination with a car adapted to be electrically driven, meansfor supplying electric energy from feeders to the operating circuit ofthe motor thereof, switching mechanism for controlling such circuit,electroma netic mechanism adapted to control such switching mechanism, acontroller on such car for operating such electromagnetic mechanism,contacts operated by such con troller to close one break in a lowresistance path between the terminals of such electromagnetic mechanismwhen the controller is in a neutral position, air brakes on such car, amain operating valve for such brakes associated with such controller,sup ly and train pipe connections from the brake system of the car tosuch main valve, auxiliary control valves in such supply and train pipeconn ections, and means associated with such auxiliary control valvesfor closing such low resistance path when such auxiliary control valvesare in a position to permit the operation of such brake mechanism andsuch controller is in a neutral position.

28. In combination with a car adapted to be-electrically driven, meansfor supplying electric energy-from feeders to the operating circuit ofthe motor thereof, a controller for such circuit, air brakes on the car,a main operatin valve for such brakes associated with such controller,supply and train pipe connections from the brake system of the car tosuch main valve, auxiliary control valves in such .supply and train pipeconnections, means associated with such auxiliary control valves forrendering such controller inoperative when such auxiliary control valvesare in a position to prevent the operation of such brakes, and means forrendering such controller inoperative when the air pressure in the brakesystem is not suflicient to operate the brakes.

29. In a system of train control, an electric motor carried by one ofthe cars of the train, means for supplying electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism for controllingsuch circuit, a controller on each of such cars adapted to operate suchswitching mechanism, contacts opprated by each controller and adapted wen such controller is in a neutral position to close one break in alocal circuit adapted to control the main operating circuit, air brakeson such train, a main operating valve for such brakes associated witheach controller, supply and train pipe connections from the brake systemof the train to each of such main valves, auxiliary control valves insuch supply and train pipe connections,

means associatedwith one of the main operating valves and controlled bythe corresponding auxiliary control valves for closing such localcircuit and renderin the corresponding 1e controller inoperative wiensuch auxiliary control valves are in a osition to prevent the o erationof such bra es, and means associated with such main operating'valve andcontrolled by such auxiliary control valves for rendering a controlleron another car in operative when such auxiliary control valves are 1n aos1t1on to permit the operation of such bra e mechanism and when thecontroller associated with such auxiliary control valves is 1n a neutralposition.

30. In a system of train control, an electric motor carried by one ofthe cars of the train, feeders adapted to supply electric energy to theoperating circuit 0 such motor, switching mechanism on one of such carsfor controllin such circuit conductors extending through the .train, clism bridged between two of such conductors and adapted to control suchswitching mech- 80 anism, a controller on another of such cars foroperating such electromagnetic mechanism, contacts operated by. suchcontroller to close one break in a low resistance path between such twoconductors when the con- 3 troller is in a neutral position, air brakeson the train, a main operating valve for such brakes associated withsuch controller, su ply and train pipe connections from, the bra esystem of the train to such main valve, auxil- 40 iary control valves insuch supply and train pipe connections, and a switc operated byectromagnetic mechanone Of such auxiliary control valves and adapted tobe moved to a position to close such low resistance path when suchauxiliary control valve is in a position to permit the operation of suchbrakes and such controller is in a neutral position,

31. In a system of train control, an electric motor carried by one ofthe cars of the train, feeders adapted to supply electric energy to theoperating circuit of such motor, switching mechanism on one of such carsfor controlling such circuit, conductors extending through the train, anelectromagnetic mechanism bridged between two of such conductors andadapted to control such switching mechanism, a controller on another ofthe cars for operatin suchelectromagnetic mechanism, air bra es on thetrain, a main operatin valve for such brakes associated with sue 1controller, supply and train pipe connections from the brake system ofthe train to such main valve auxiliary control valves in such supply andtrain pipe connec-- my name this 27th day of November A. D.

HARLEY A. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

EDWIN T. MUNGER, AnoLPH A. DANS.

